Monday, October 17, 2016

Custody+Visitation Issues- Drugs, Alcohol, or Inappropriate Media

Alleged Drug Usage by a Parent-- It's not that easy to get testing ordered.........

The best way to know if you or the other parent could be affected negatively,  is to assume you WOULD be affected and then go from there. The family court must make a finding and there must be evidence that there is habitual, frequent or continual illegal use of alcohol or drugs by the parent for it to have the power to make a court order for testing. 


  1. In other words, if you cannot prove ahead of time by corroborating evidence of the habitual, frequent or continual illegal use, and only can show possession---that won't get it.
 There is no bright line law or family case law currently in California which seals a parent's fate as to "marijuana" in general right now, and there is not likely a published case on using non appropriate media as a sole reason for denial of custody (although we have had cases where porn movies being shown and allegations of abuse have resulted in loss of visitation...)
 There is a non certified  dependency case involving some marijuana issues (not a family law case; it is an unpublished Los Angeles appeal under Juvenile Court Law, DCSS and involved two teenage kids, 15/14 at the time...).

Custody is likely to be highly affected by Domestic violence TROs, inappropriate punishment, inappropriate drug use, abusive situations, neglect, etc. Parents with DV charges or TROs against them cannot usually be the custodial parent. We see some parents accept DV TRO charges for one reason or another, but generally, it's best to fight such charges in most cases. We also see many females use DV TROs when they have no grounds. Occasionally males may do the same.

Although attorney herein has research knowledge on medicinal marijuana and various state law issues involving same, there is no one criteria in either medicinal marijuana or recreational marijuana, that would be the 100% certain win or lose factor for a parent, because in most cases, it's only one issue, and not the ONLY issue at hand. Depending on how many other issues are involved, the credibility of each parent, the depth of insight that the attorney has, and how well an attorney can size up each parent, this can make or break a case.

Simply hiring "experts" means who can afford more--it doesn't mean necessarily that one parent really wins. It will also depend on how well each parent can present him or herself, answer questions, and understand how the mediation process works. Attorney of this website has seen countless cases involving mediation, and has seen some cases go sideways at mediation, because the client may ruin his or her case by saying the wrong things.Attorneys are not allowed in mediation, therefore attorney can only try to teach client how mediators operate so they will understand what is actually being done. Attorney has seen extremely biased mediators (judging from the report they put out) over the years, good mediators, and those that are fair.  Underestimating the mediation process usually results in bad results.

Attorney herein researches these issues as they apply to California Family Law, and makes best efforts to remain current on new cases or decisions.  Attorney is well aware of the long running case involving marijuana, from Butte County that then seeming moved to another county just north of Butte, with varying detriment (depending on what one considers detrimental...)

In any event, any type of drug, even if it's a prescription, can be cause for concern in a divorce case.     Image result for pictures drugs    Image result for pictures alcohol and prescription bottles

We all know that alcohol use can be a concern, but it's legal to buy it, right, and even to consume in the home? We have seen many court orders where alcohol is NOT to be consumed during one parent's custody.
And it's legal to obtain many drugs straight off the shelf at the store.

When courts have to consider whether drug usage is going to affect custody, it will depend on what evidence is available, how good the attorney is at setting up the defense or attack of the issue, what the exact facts are and are they verifiable, and how; essentially, all of the foundation requirements for evidentiary hearing, and all of the foundation requirements for supporting evidence should be known; further, the lack of such evidence and the preclusion possibilities, as with all evidence, will come into play.

Trying cases with drugs involved should be left to attorneys who handle trials, because the proof and litigation aspects can be done with more precision. Many clients don't want to spend the funds to engage litigators to gain appropriate custody because they do not understand the time involved to make the defense, or the admissibility for proper charging evidence.

In family law we usually see many clients that just believe all they have to do is say something, and that makes it true.  That is not the case necessarily.  Conversely, clients often believe they can just say something is not true, and that will prove their case. That too is not necessarily true, because if it was, then there would be no NEED for any attorneys at all, because clients could prove everything themselves?

Obviously, clients, at least most of them, are not able to do that because they did not go to law school and then work for 20+ years at honing their skill. We have to deal with inaccurate facts, misleading statements, the social media nightmare, Facebook (often the absolute worst), and tons of  Internet postings, admissions, accusations, texts, blogging, examples: 
                Lively, Instagram, Vine, Snapchat, Kiks Messenger, WhatsApp, GroupMe,tumblr, Twitter,Musical.ly, You Now: Broadcast,Chat,and Watch Live Video, Burn Note,Whisper, Yik Yak; could be inappropriate.........
--- Omegle+Tinder ( not appropriate for kids).  Some of these apps will or can be hidden or disappear, or may cause kids to meet up with others that could be predators-- with parents not even knowing it is happening. 

New apps come out all the time and they will never stop. These things can be worse than drugs in some ways as unknown people can take advantage of kids, teens, etc. A parent would never even know because most parents don't really know what kids are doing with their phones.

Personally, we would not give kids a phone, computer or any electronic device which was NOT monitored, it is very easy to obtain software to do this!

Friday, September 23, 2016

Cyberbullying: Is it Happening to Your Kids?

http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/

Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying happens when kids bully each other through electronic technology. Find out why cyberbullying is different from traditional bullying, what you can do to prevent it, and how you can report it when it happens.

BE FOREWARNED, THE CA EDUCATION CODE HAS SIGNIFICANT MORE IMPACT OVER
STUDENT BEHAVIOR THAN WITHOUT USING THE EDUCATION CODE. WHILE SCHOOLS ARE
SUPPOSED TO ALWAYS HAVE CYBERBULLYING EDUCATION, SOME SCHOOLS SUCH AS
MIDDLE SCHOOLS, HAVE SHIRKED THEIR DUTIES LOCALLY.  EXPELLING CHILDREN DOES NOT
MEAN SCHOOLS ARE DOING ALL THEY CAN DO.  CHILDREN NEED TO LEARN RIGHT FROM WRONG.

Laughing group of teens use their cell phones together. What is Cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology. Examples of cyberbullying include mean text messages or emails, rumors sent by email or posted on social networking sites, and embarrassing pictures, videos, websites, or fake profiles.

A mother and her son work together on a computer. Prevent Cyberbullying 

Parents and kids can prevent cyberbullying. Together, they can explore safe ways to use technology.

An anxious young boy sits at a computer. Report Cyberbullying 

When cyberbullying happens, it is important to document and report the behavior so it can be addressed.

Wednesday, September 14, 2016

Intentional Violation of Court Order under PC 273.6


 Penal Code 273.6 PC -- Intentional and knowing violation of court protective order. 

    (a) Any intentional and knowing violation of a protective order, as defined in Section 6218 of the Family Code, or of an order issued pursuant to Section 527.6, 527.8, or 527.85 of the Code of Civil Procedure, or Section 15657.03 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. 

    (b) In the event of a violation of subdivision (a) that results in physical injury, the person shall be punished by a fine of not more than two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than 30 days nor more than one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment. 
        However, if the person is imprisoned in a county jail for at least 48 hours, the court may, in the interest of justice and for reasons stated on the record, reduce or eliminate the 30-day minimum imprisonment required by this subdivision. In determining whether to reduce or eliminate the minimum imprisonment pursuant to this subdivision, the court shall consider the seriousness of the facts before the court, whether there are additional allegations of a violation of the [California restraining] order during the pendency of the case before the court, the probability of future violations, the safety of the victim, and whether the defendant has successfully completed or is making progress with counseling. 

    (c) Subdivisions (a) and (b) shall apply to the following court orders: 
           (1) Any order issued pursuant to Section 6320 or 6389 of the Family Code. 
           (2) An order excluding one party from the family dwelling or from the dwelling of the other. 
           (3) An order enjoining a party from specified behavior that the court determined was necessary to effectuate the order described in subdivision (a). 
           (4) Any order issued by another state that is recognized under Part 5 (commencing with Section 6400) of Division 10 of the Family Code.

    (d) A subsequent conviction for a violation of an order described in subdivision (a), occurring within seven years of a prior conviction for a violation of an order described in subdivision (a) and involving an act of violence or "a credible threat" of violence, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 139, is punishable by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or in the state prison. 

    (e) In the event of a subsequent conviction for a violation of an [California protective] order described in subdivision (a) for an act occurring within one year of a prior conviction for a violation of an order described in subdivision (a) that results in physical injury to a victim, the person shall be punished by a fine of not more than two thousand dollars ($2,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than six months nor more than one year, by both that fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in the state prison.
            However, if the person is imprisoned in a county jail for at least 30 days, the court may, in the interest of justice and for reasons stated in the record, reduce or eliminate the six-month minimum imprisonment required by this subdivision.
            In determining whether to reduce or eliminate the minimum imprisonment pursuant to this subdivision, the court shall consider the seriousness of the facts before the court, whether there are additional allegations of a violation of the [California restraining] order during the pendency of the case before the court, the probability of future violations, the safety of the victim, and whether the defendant has successfully completed or is making progress with counseling. 

     (f) The prosecuting agency of each county shall have the primary responsibility for the enforcement of orders described in subdivisions (a), (b), (d), and (e). 

     (g)        (1) Every person who owns, possesses, purchases, or receives a firearm knowing he or she is prohibited from doing so by the provisions of a [California] protective order as defined in Section 136.2 of this code, Section 6218 of the Family Code, or Section 527.6 or 527.8 of the Code of Civil Procedure, or Section 15657.03 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, shall be punished under Section 29825. 
                  (2) Every person subject to a protective order described in paragraph (1) shall not be prosecuted under this section for owning, possessing, purchasing, or receiving a firearm to the extent that firearm is granted an exemption pursuant to subdivision (f) of Section 527.9 of the Code of Civil Procedure, or subdivision (h) of Section 6389 of the Family Code. 

      (h)     If probation is granted upon conviction of a violation of subdivision (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e), the court shall impose probation consistent with Section 1203.097, and the conditions of probation may include, in lieu of a fine, one or both of the following requirements: 
              (1) That the defendant make payments to a battered women's shelter or to a shelter for abused elder persons or dependent adults, up to a maximum of five thousand dollars ($5,000), pursuant to Section 1203.097. 
              (2) That the defendant reimburse the victim for reasonable costs of counseling and other reasonable expenses that the court finds are the direct result of the defendant's offense. 

       (i) For any order to pay a fine, make payments to a battered women's shelter, or pay restitution as a condition of probation under subdivision (e), the court shall make a determination of the defendant's ability to pay. In no event shall any order to make payments to a battered women's shelter be made if it would impair the ability of the defendant to pay direct restitution to the victim or court-ordered child support. 
               Where the injury to a married person is caused in whole or in part by the criminal acts of his or her spouse in violation of this section, the community property may not be used to discharge the liability of the offending spouse for restitution to the injured spouse, required by Section 1203.04, as operative on or before August 2, 1995, or Section 1202.4, or to a shelter for costs with regard to the injured spouse and dependents, required by this section, until all separate property of the offending spouse is exhausted.")



Many clients make the mistake of hiring what they think is the biggest gun in town only to find that their Family Law Lawyer is routinely overworked, inaccessible,

Sunday, September 4, 2016

Online Bullying by Kids-- "Cyberbullying"..........Is It Legal?




We recently were made aware that a high school minor child was going to be interviewed by the Police.
  In most cases, it is recommended that the child not blurt out anything (because after all a juvenile cannot just run off the school grounds so is not allowed to just walk away from the school..) so it is probably best that your kids be told in advance (by parents)  that they need to FIRST call a parent, say they want an attorney,  inform the principal of the school, and not make statements without the parent present. So at least then if the "police" insist on interviewing the child, more than one other adult can be present.

[We recently were notified on this issue because the police wanted to interview the child; the police officer was informed the parent wanted to be present; instead of allowing the parent to be present, the police went to his office and said he was going to file a warrant!!]  We seriously doubt that any warrant would go very far, but this is just an example of how things can spiral out of control.


The interview mentioned above, was for the alleged purpose of interrogation of the child when another person had accused child of sending out or sharing a picture of some other kid in a bathing suit, but this picture had been placed by the child wearing the bathing suit, to another to begin with.

We all realize once something goes online, there is little to no privacy. While laws involving cyberbullying are somewhat convoluted, basically there is recourse in many instances, and one can file a civil harassment or administrative claim, and file a notice with the Dept. of Education for failure to comply with some necessary steps by having them investigate the child's claim with the school.

For example at a high school in another state--- kids bullied another kid with learning disabilities and physically assaulted him. IF these same kids had taken pictures and posted them online, then what we just talked about (the reporting) could involve cyberbullying and the school involved is in even worse trouble. In fact, Federal law can be involved if racial and or other topics are involved:

Although no federal law directly addresses bullying, in some cases, bullying overlaps with discriminatory harassment when it is based on race, national origin, color, sex, age, disability, or religion. 

When bullying and harassment overlap, federally-funded schools (including colleges and universities) have an obligation to resolve the harassment. When the situation is not adequately resolved, the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights and the U.S. Department of Justice’s Civil Rights Division may be able to help....

https://www.stopbullying.gov/get-help-now/index.html


What should a school do to resolve a harassment complaint?

  • Appropriate responses will depend on the facts of each case.
  • School must be an active participant in responding to harassment and should take reasonable steps when crafting remedies to minimize burdens on the targeted students.
  • Possible responses include:
    • Develop, revise, and publicize:
      • Policy prohibiting harassment and discrimination
      • Grievance procedures for students to file harassment complaints
      • contact information for Title IX/Section 504/Title VI coordinators
    • Implement training for staff and administration on identifying and addressing harassment
    • Provide monitors or additional adult supervision in areas where harassment occurs
    • Determine consequences and services for harassers, including whether discipline is appropriate
    • Limit interactions between harassers and targets
    • Provide harassed student an additional opportunity to obtain a benefit that was denied (e.g., retaking a test/class).
    • Provide services to a student who was denied a benefit (e.g., academic support services).

Friday, July 8, 2016

How Attorney Saved Client Many $$ Thousands $$ in Litigation Expense --- with One Letter!

When couples split up and are not married and have no domestic contract or partnership or other qualified written agreement, just about anything can happen. 

As an example, consider how much money was saved when attorney drafted a demand letter after one party attempted to take advantage of the other party in a real estate situation involving approximately $902,541 in real estate, by welching on her promise; to be honest, attorney was not 100% sure that the letter would solve the problem, since the other party had been carrying on her behavior over at least, a 2 year time frame................








Sunday, June 26, 2016

Law Firms Inside Wal Mart-- Georgia and Missouri...........!!!



BUSINESS OF LAW
http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/wal-mart_law_firms_are_already_in_the_us/?utm_source=internal&utm_medium=navigation&utm_campaign=most_read

Law firms are already inside some 

US Wal-Marts




When Evan Kaine, a personal injury attorney in Atlanta read a story in the May 2016 issue of the ABA Journal about Axess Law opening up offices in Wal-Mart in Canada, he remembered reading a line about whether these firms would soon be in your backyard.
“My reaction was: ‘Yes it is going to be in your backyard,’” Kaine says. “In fact, it already is.”
His firm, Kaine Law, has offices inside three Atlanta-area Wal-Marts. Kaine says that he opened his first Wal-Mart office in 2012 before expanding to two additional stores last year.
Like many lawyers, Kaine had seen the statistic about how 80 percent of all low-income Americans have unmet civil legal needs. To that end, he came up with the idea to set up shop in an area where most of those underrepresented people shop.
Kaine says his offices are full-service, although he emphasizes that he has built up relationships with a number of other local firms that specialize in different areas of the law and often refers work to them. In fact, he estimates that he only keeps about 20 percent of the cases that come into the Wal-Mart offices. Kaine says the Wal-Mart offices operate on a fixed-fee basis and even offer a number of free services, including a basic last will and testament and notary public services.
“It’s about being able to offer a service to the community,” he says. “We have to minimize the stigma of expensive attorneys.”
There’s a reason why Kaine’s Wal-Mart offices have received very little publicity. “We kept it quiet for a number of reasons,” he says. “The legal industry does not welcome change, and we wanted to make sure our model was sustainable before we went public with it.” Indeed, he’s kept such a low profile that when The Law Store opened offices inside Wal-Marts in Joplin and Neosho, Missouri, on June 1, they believed that they were the first firm in America to do it.................